The Social Reality of Race
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Is race a social construct? An American living in the Netherlands is faced with this question when she encounters the Dutch's definition of who is "black."
![Artist Glenn Ligon created Untitled: Four Etchings [B] using a quotation from writer Zora Neale Hurston’s essay, “How It Feels to Be Colored Me.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/D15968_Medium_res.jpg?h=c15025bd&itok=EIHlZetq)
Holocaust and Human Behavior
Get a print or PDF version of our core resource on the Holocaust, which examines the challenging history of the Holocaust while prompting reflection on our world today.
![Colored painting of trees.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/HHB_HeroBanner_fullcolor.jpg?h=24d1b2c2&itok=sUokn0YL)
1932 German Election Ballot
The 1932 German election ballot featured 36 parties, many of which existed only on paper. The number of different groups made it difficult for any single party to gain a majority in parliament in the Weimar Republic.
![A sample 1932 German Election ballot. A long page with a list of items to vote on, in German text.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046291%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichstagswahl%2C_Wahlzettel_Medium_res.jpg?h=64aaa142&itok=H6JurCwa)
1932 German Election Ballot (en español)
The 1932 German election ballot featured 36 parties, many of which existed only on paper. The number of different groups made it difficult for any single party to gain a majority in parliament in the Weimar Republic. This resource is in Spanish.
![A sample 1932 German Election ballot. A long page with a list of items to vote on, in German text.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046291%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichstagswahl%2C_Wahlzettel_Medium_res.jpg?h=64aaa142&itok=H6JurCwa)
World War I in Europe and the Middle East
World War I was fought between the Central powers and the Allied powers simultaneously on several fronts in western Europe, eastern Europe, and the Middle East. See full-sized image for analysis.
![Map showing major alliances and advances of the Central and Allied powers during World War I.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_32_Europe_ME_WWI_1914_18.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=hSmRZuQZ)
World War I in Europe and the Middle East (en español)
World War I was fought between the Central powers and the Allied powers simultaneously on several fronts in western Europe, eastern Europe, and the Middle East. See full-sized image for analysis. This resource is in Spanish.
![Map showing major alliances and advances of the Central and Allied powers during World War I.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_32_Europe_ME_WWI_1914_18.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=hSmRZuQZ)
Otto Dix, Verwundeter (Wounded Soldier), 1924
Dix was a New Objectivist artist known for the brutal realism of his paintings. He was wounded several times by German soldiers on the western front during World War I. He based his series Der Krieg (The War) on these experiences.
![Dix was a New Objectivist artist known for the brutal realism of his paintings. He was wounded several times by Germans soldier on the Western Front during World War I. He based his series entitled Der Krieg (The War) on these experiences.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=f3a37c6e&itok=Ne3vlzPM)
Otto Dix, Verwundeter (Wounded Soldier), 1924 (en español)
Dix was a New Objectivist artist known for the brutal realism of his paintings. He was wounded several times by German soldiers on the western front during World War I. He based his series Der Krieg (The War) on these experiences. This resource is in Spanish.
![Dix was a New Objectivist artist known for the brutal realism of his paintings. He was wounded several times by Germans soldier on the Western Front during World War I. He based his series entitled Der Krieg (The War) on these experiences.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=f3a37c6e&itok=Ne3vlzPM)
John Singer Sargent, Gassed, 1919
John Singer Sargent painted Gassed in 1919, depicting the effects of chemical weapons used by Germans against the British in the Battle of Arras on August 21, 1918.
![Painting title Gassed by John Singer Sargent. Shows World War I soldiers with bandaged eyes being led by other soldiers. Many dead and injured soldiers laying at the base of the painting.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch3_Image05_Medium_res.jpg?h=fe25bc16&itok=_3yOA5E-)
John Singer Sargent, Gassed, 1919 (en español)
John Singer Sargent painted Gassed in 1919, depicting the effects of chemical weapons used by Germans against the British in the Battle of Arras on August 21, 1918. This resource is in Spanish.
![Painting title Gassed by John Singer Sargent. Shows World War I soldiers with bandaged eyes being led by other soldiers. Many dead and injured soldiers laying at the base of the painting.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch3_Image05_Medium_res.jpg?h=fe25bc16&itok=_3yOA5E-)
The Eternal Jew
This 1938 poster advertises a popular antisemitic traveling exhibit called Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew).
![This 1938 poster advertises a popular antisemitic travelling exhibit called Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew).](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1938_TheEternalJew_%20FH229442.jpg?h=edbe8cda&itok=u8tDfVVk)