Isolated and Demonized
Learn about the hundreds of anti-Jewish laws and measures passed in Germany during the first three years of World War II.
![Jews wearing Star of David badges in the Lódz ghetto. Established in 1940, the Germans crowded 160,000 Jews from the Polish city, more than a third of its population, into the ghetto.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_JewsInTheLodzGhetto_%20FH229466.jpg?h=afb0b43a&itok=_7RMUlTN)
The Jewish Councils
Read the minutes of a Jewish Councils meeting held in the Vilna ghetto in 1942 and consider the unthinkable choices faced by its members.
![Jews wearing Star of David badges in the Lódz ghetto. Established in 1940, the Germans crowded 160,000 Jews from the Polish city, more than a third of its population, into the ghetto.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_JewsInTheLodzGhetto_%20FH229466.jpg?h=afb0b43a&itok=_7RMUlTN)
Arrests during Kristallnacht
Jewish men are arrested by the SS during Kristallnacht in Baden-Baden, Germany, and forced to march through the streets to a nearby synagogue to see it destroyed.
![People walk down the street in rows accompanied by SS officers](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Arrests%20during%20Kristallnacht.jpg?h=312fc7ac&itok=bLMWvUB2)
Arrested Anti-Fascist Demonstrator
Demonstrators at the Battle of Cable Street gathered to protest against Fascist leader Oswald Mosley and the Blackshirts.
![Woman struggling with police as she is arrested for being an anti-fascist](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Arrested%20Anti-Fascist%20Demonstrator.jpg?h=5265ff56&itok=lPmk0zI3)
Antisemitic Display at Der Ewige Jude
Women examining a display at the Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) exhibition in the Reichstag building in November 1938
![two women look at anti-semitic poster depicting Jewish people](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Antisemitic%20Display%20at%20Der%20Ewige%20Jude.jpg?h=b5e7ecd0&itok=yuxt0iYg)
Anti-Fascist Demonstrators Charged
Demonstrators at the Battle of Cable Street gathered to protest against Fascist leader Oswald Mosley and the Blackshirts.
![Demonstrators flee at the Battle of Cable Street](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Anti-Fascist%20Demonstrators%20Charged.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=dWgRugCQ)
Voices from the Warsaw Ghetto
Learn about the Oyneg Shabes, a group in the Warsaw ghetto that documented Nazi crimes and the daily lives of the ghetto's residents.
![The Jewish population in Poland being "resettled" by German soldiers, circa 1940-41.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_ResettlingPolishJewsInGermany_%20FH229688.jpg?h=b82ee7a4&itok=ZTl0ABqr)
Voices from the Warsaw Ghetto (en español)
Learn about the Oyneg Shabes, a group in the Warsaw ghetto that documented Nazi crimes and the daily lives of the ghetto's residents. This resource is in Spanish.
![The Jewish population in Poland being "resettled" by German soldiers, circa 1940-41.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_ResettlingPolishJewsInGermany_%20FH229688.jpg?h=b82ee7a4&itok=ZTl0ABqr)
Waging a Racial War
Consider how Nazi Germany's ideas about race determined how they treated soldiers, prisoners, and civilians during World War II.
![The Jewish population in Poland being "resettled" by German soldiers, circa 1940-41.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_ResettlingPolishJewsInGermany_%20FH229688.jpg?h=b82ee7a4&itok=ZTl0ABqr)