The National Coal Strikes: The Miner Emerges
Artist Boardman Robinson drew ‘The Miner Emerges’ in response to the National Coal Strikes in 1912 in the United Kingdom and the United States.
![A pencil on paper sketch of a miner in distress.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1912_themineremerges_FH2169297.png?h=5f568b80&itok=-lcCLZDX)
United Nations Founding Members
On June 26, 1945, 50 nations signed a charter to create the United Nations in order to promote international cooperation and human rights.
![Map highlighting United Nations founding member countries in blue.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_101_UN_Founding_Members_1945.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=7r-BUgym)
The Social Reality of Race
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Is race a social construct? An American living in the Netherlands is faced with this question when she encounters the Dutch's definition of who is "black."
![Artist Glenn Ligon created Untitled: Four Etchings [B] using a quotation from writer Zora Neale Hurston’s essay, “How It Feels to Be Colored Me.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/D15968_Medium_res.jpg?h=c15025bd&itok=EIHlZetq)
Rohingya Refugees Arriving by Boat, 2017
Refugees arrive on the Bangladesh side of the Naf River on October 1, 2017, after fleeing their village in Myanmar.
![A woman and a baby are helped off a boat.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/2017_RohingyaRefugeesArrivingbyBoat_FH261964.jpg?h=eb24755d&itok=pei1Gszb)
Refugiados Rohinyá llegan en Embarcaciones, 2017
Refugiados llegan al territorio de Bangladés cruzando el río Naf el 1 de octubre de 2017, después de huir de su aldea en Birmania.
![A woman and a baby are helped off a boat.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/2017_RohingyaRefugeesArrivingbyBoat_FH261964.jpg?h=eb24755d&itok=pei1Gszb)
Moral Luck and Dilemmas of Judgment (en español)
Reflect on the challenges posed by making moral judgments about the actions of people in the past. This resource is in Spanish.
![The city of Nuremberg with a building in ruins, 1945.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch10_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=5ec9f416&itok=jXQ5gMYm)
Obeying Orders
Learn how the Nuremberg defendants' argued that German leaders were following orders when committing atrocities during the Holocaust.
![On the right two benches of the accused leaders stretch away from the foreground to the centre of the painting. Behind the defendants stands a line of white-helmeted military police who guard the benches and separate them from the court beyond....](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/HHB_Chapter_10_Medium_res.jpg?h=dfed305d&itok=THFy93nO)
Revenge
Reflect on the desire for revenge that many victorious troops held at the end of World War II.
![After American soldiers liberated Dachau in 1945, an inmate of the camp attacks a German soldier.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch10_Image01_Medium_res.jpg?h=d2de68a6&itok=kmBPzss-)
The Possibilities and Limits of Forgiveness
Read the perspectives of authors, ministers, scholars, and rabbis and consider the meaning and limitations of forgiveness, responsibility, and justice.
![After American soldiers liberated Dachau in 1945, an inmate of the camp attacks a German soldier.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch10_Image01_Medium_res.jpg?h=d2de68a6&itok=kmBPzss-)
Christian Churches and Antisemitism: New Teachings
Consider how Christian churches confronted their legacy of antisemitism in the years following the Holocaust.
![The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, or Holocaust Memorial, is a memorial in Berlin, Germany to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/HHB_Chapter_11_Medium_res.jpg?h=7fb2964e&itok=i4K2A5Oo)
The Tokyo Trials
Examine the international tribunal held by the Allies at the end of World War II that tried and sentenced Japanese leaders for war crimes.
![This is a general view of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East meeting in Tokyo in April, 1947.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/IMAGE_38_6_TRIAL_Medium_res.jpg?h=e87e9acc&itok=ZK5Srpjl)