Pardon/Franchise Engravings by Thomas Nast
Wood engravings by Thomas Nast depict the tension between the demands of healing and justice during the Reconstruction era.
![Centerfold prints show Columbia considering why she should pardon Confederate troops who are begging for forgiveness when an African American Union soldier with an amputated leg does not have the right to vote.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1865_PardonFranchiseColumbiaShallItrustthesemenandnotthisman_FH2125825.jpg?h=5d059bf2&itok=rLpFJ0P6)
Part Four: Interracial Democracy
Scholars discuss how African Americans and whites initially worked together within Reconstruction governments.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1477.jpg)
White Rose Resistance Group
Hans Scholl, Sophie School, and Christoph Probst conversing outdoors in 1942
Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst in June 1942. They were members of the White Rose, a resistance group that condemned Nazism.
![Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst in June 1942.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_WhiteRoseResistanceGroup_FH229473.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=BjXT-amv)
Protecting Democracy
A congressional representative argues that the federal government should have the power to prosecute individuals who commit intimidation.
![Cartoon showing violence and dead bodies at polling place with two men shaking hands.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/figure_178_Nast_vs_Greeley.png?h=a44ae31d&itok=5rVecj0T)
Protecting Democracy (en español)
A congressional representative argues that the federal government should have the power to prosecute individuals who commit intimidation.
![Cartoon showing violence and dead bodies at polling place with two men shaking hands.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/figure_178_Nast_vs_Greeley.png?h=a44ae31d&itok=5rVecj0T)
Analyzing the Causes of Klan Violence
This handout contains an iceberg diagram that helps students analyze the causes of violence by the Ku Klux Klan.
![Black and white photo of the house committee](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Civil_Rights_House_Committee_Investigating_KKK_2021_FH2177934.jpg?h=a9a611f7&itok=-pUVaIhR)
Analyzing the Causes of Klan Violence (en español)
In Spanish, this handout contains an iceberg diagram that helps students analyze the causes of violence by the Ku Klux Klan.
![Black and white photo of the house committee](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Civil_Rights_House_Committee_Investigating_KKK_2021_FH2177934.jpg?h=a9a611f7&itok=-pUVaIhR)
Changing Public Opinion in the North Mini-Lecture
This handout contain key points for a mini-lecture on the factors that caused white Northern public opinion to shift against Reconstruction.
![Image of the Wall Street Newspaper reading "Panic in Stocks Yesterday"](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Democracy_1873_Wall_Street_Panic_Newspaper_Article_FH21392.jpg?h=9cbee7f4&itok=VFZ2dkV-)
Changing Public Opinion in the North Mini-Lecture (en español)
In Spanish, this handout contain key points for a mini-lecture on the factors that caused white Northern public opinion to shift against Reconstruction.
![Image of the Wall Street Newspaper reading "Panic in Stocks Yesterday"](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/Democracy_1873_Wall_Street_Panic_Newspaper_Article_FH21392.jpg?h=9cbee7f4&itok=VFZ2dkV-)
Part One: The World the War Made
Scholars discuss the effects that the changes brought about by the Civil War had on the identities of American citizens.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_1478.jpg)