European Jewish Life before World War II
Students analyze images and film that convey the richness of Jewish life across Europe at the time of the Nazis’ ascension to power.
![Shabbtai (Shepske) Sonenson takes one of the shtetl's Hebrew teachers for a ride on his new motorcycle.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1941_ShabbtaiSonensonOnMotorcycle_FH2115443.jpg?h=d392e916&itok=DmuRlDw6)
Introducing the Unit
Students develop a contract establishing a reflective classroom community as they prepare to explore the historical case study of this unit.
![A high school student writes on a piece of paper.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/StudentinClassroom.jpg?h=2992ba0a&itok=BSyOt4Mw)
Nationalism and the Aftermath of World War I
Students consider the ways in which World War I intensified people’s loyalty to their country and resentment toward others perceived as a threat.
![Map showing major alliances and advances of the Central and Allied powers during World War I.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_32_Europe_ME_WWI_1914_18.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=hSmRZuQZ)
The Rise of Nationalism and the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire
Students turn their attention to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of a strong current of ethno-nationalism rooted in Turkish identity.
![A group of men gather to pose at the Young Turk Revolution Declaration.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Young_Turk_Revolution_-_Decleration_-_Armenian_Greek_Muslim_Leaders.png?h=08cc71c4&itok=pqdymtBL)
The Rise of the Nazi Party
Students examine how choices made by individuals and groups contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party in the 1920s and 1930s.
![The Parade of the Political Administrators in Nuremberg, Germany.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_GermanPartyDay_%20FH229691.jpg?h=193b5c49&itok=QZdPclXH)
Survivor Testimony and the Legacy of Memory
Students deepen their thinking about memory and identity by reflecting on the stories of Holocaust and Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants.
![portrait of Holocaust survivor Sonia Weitz](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Box4_071.jpg?h=7c23ac5b&itok=b--n8_01)
The Refugee Crisis and 1930s America
Students are introduced to the many factors that influenced Americans’ will and ability to respond to the Jewish refugee crisis, including isolationism, racism, xenophobia, and antisemitism.
![A crowd of American men and women hold signs protesting Nazi Germany's actions.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/AP_3811161102_Medium_res.jpg?h=00d1719e&itok=OsmUgwd2)
Refugees and Rescuers: The Courage to Act
Students explore the intertwined personal stories of Jewish refugees who attempted to flee to the United States and the American rescuers who intervened on their behalf.
![Four people pose for a photo in front of a large window.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/35_Winter_Medium_res.jpg?h=561852fb&itok=YfAD_ATi)
A Part and Apart: Inclusion and Exclusion in Our Jewish Communities
Students consider the benefits and challenges of identity labeling and their identity experiences within and outside their Jewish communities.
In Elizabeth Eckford's Words
After the Federal Judge ordered integration in Little Rock, Arkansas, the "Little Rock Nine" prepared for their first day at Central High School. Governor Orval Faubus, in defiance of the order, called out the Arkansas National Guard. One of the students, Elizabeth Eckford, could not be reached and was therefore not informed of the plan. This is her story.
![Cropped Choices at Little Rock.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Cropped%20Choices%20at%20Little%20Rock.jpg?h=ebd685d1&itok=wjhHdNdc)
Lost in Translation
Rapper Ruby Ibarra reflects on her Filipino-American experience and the role of language in a spoken-word poem.
![Two students look at each other in conversation. One student is also taking notes.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/ClassroomEvent_2018_%20FH287178.jpg?h=a141e9ea&itok=CX7H4ckw)