Part One: The World the War Made
Scholars discuss the effects that the changes brought about by the Civil War had on the identities of American citizens.
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Cross Lake Indian Residential School
Although government funded, the residential schools were operated by churches, with clergymen and women serving most teaching and administrative roles. This photo was taken at Cross Lake Indian Residential School in Manitoba, 1940.
![A nun stands in the back of a classroom, and children are posed sitting at desks with their hands folded.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1940_CrossLakeIndianResidentialSchool_FH24275.jpg?h=a20ec326&itok=iaf787eD)
Pensionnat autochtone de Cross Lake
Même si le gouvernement les finançait, les pensionnats autochtones étaient opérés par les églises et les membres du clergé remplissaient la plupart des fonctions pédagogiques et administratives. Cette photo fut prise au pensionnat autochtone de Cross Lake au Manitoba en 1940.
![A nun stands in the back of a classroom, and children are posed sitting at desks with their hands folded.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1940_CrossLakeIndianResidentialSchool_FH24275.jpg?h=a20ec326&itok=iaf787eD)
Empires before World War I
Map showing empires in existence pre-WWI in 1914
In 1914, much of the world was dominated by a handful of empires. When fighting broke out that year, the global reach of warring empires ensured a World War. See full-sized image for analysis.
![Map showing empires in existence pre-WWI in 1914.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_31_Empires_pre_WWI_1914.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=YYGlpfQy)
Los Imperios Antes de la Primera Guerra Mundial
En 1914, la mayor parte del mundo estaba dominada por unos cuantos imperios. Ese año, cuando la guerra estalló, el alcance mundial de los imperios en conflicto garantizó una guerra mundial.
![Map showing empires in existence pre-WWI in 1914.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_31_Empires_pre_WWI_1914.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=YYGlpfQy)
Fort Qu’Appelle Indian Industrial School
Tipis stand just outside the fence of Fort Qu’Appelle Indian Industrial School in 1895 in Lebret, Saskatchewan. The tipis likely belong to the First Nation families of children attending the school.
![A rural setting with teepees in the foreground and a group of buildings in the background.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1895_FortQu%E2%80%99Appelle_FH24269.jpg?h=4df085b2&itok=2BIES1v-)
L’école industrielle indienne de Fort Qu’Appelle
Cette photographie de 1895 illustre des tipis situés en périphérie de la clôture de l’école industrielle indienne de Fort Qu’Appelle, située au village de Lebret dans la province de Saskatchewan. Les tipis appartiennent probablement aux familles des enfants qui fréquentent l’école.
![A rural setting with teepees in the foreground and a group of buildings in the background.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1895_FortQu%E2%80%99Appelle_FH24269.jpg?h=4df085b2&itok=2BIES1v-)
Fort Resolution Indian Residential School
In the crowded and understaffed residential schools, the physical and domestic chores performed by students were critical to keeping the schools afloat. In this photo children are seen cutting logs at Fort Resolution Indian Residential School.
![A group of boys are cutting and handling logs in assembly line fashion.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Genocide_FortResolutionResidentialSchoolBoysworking_FH24274.jpg?h=7578e71c&itok=x8z4eOB-)
Pensionnat autochtone de Fort Resolution
Dans les pensionnats autochtones bondés et en pénurie d’effectifs, les corvées physiques et domestiques effectuées par les étudiants étaient essentielles pour maintenir les écoles en vie. Sur cette photographie se trouvent des enfants qui coupent des billes de bois au pensionnat autochtone de Fort Resolution dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest.
![A group of boys are cutting and handling logs in assembly line fashion.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Genocide_FortResolutionResidentialSchoolBoysworking_FH24274.jpg?h=7578e71c&itok=x8z4eOB-)