Signing the Armistice
Find out about the terms of the armistice that ended World War I and the rumors that swirled in its wake.
![German military aircraft being dismantled and scrapped after World War I, according to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image10_Medium_res.jpg?h=8b6300e7&itok=AKXPn6CM)
Signing the Armistice (en español)
Find out about the terms of the armistice that ended World War I and the rumors that swirled in its wake. This resource is in Spanish.
![German military aircraft being dismantled and scrapped after World War I, according to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image10_Medium_res.jpg?h=8b6300e7&itok=AKXPn6CM)
The Evian Conference
Learn about the conference called by FDR in 1938 to discuss the growing Jewish refugee crisis.
![refugees on a large boat](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1939_RefugeesAboardtheStLouis_FH229460.jpg?h=8911ddd7&itok=lJSR65Z-)
The Evian Conference (en español)
Learn about the conference called by FDR in 1938 to discuss the growing Jewish refugee crisis. This resource is in Spanish.
![refugees on a large boat](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1939_RefugeesAboardtheStLouis_FH229460.jpg?h=8911ddd7&itok=lJSR65Z-)
Rabbi Shimon Huberband’s Account of Jews Being Executed for Leaving the Ghetto
Shimon Huberband, a central figure in the Oyneg Shabes, documents life in the Warsaw ghetto.
![A still of the documentary film "Who Will Write Our History" depicting a stack of papers.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2023-01/preparingdocumentsforburial_FH2174134.jpg?h=4362216e&itok=XZxx1cip)
Storm Troopers, Elite Guards, and Secret Police
Learn about the roles of the the SA, the SS, and the Gestapo in Nazi Germany.
![Crackdown on Communists and Social Democrats: arrested in the SA-barracks on Friedrichstrasse, April, 1933](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_CrackdownOnCommunistsSocialDemocrats_%20FH223594.jpg?h=b4b77820&itok=qioklvs6)
Storm Troopers, Elite Guards, and Secret Police (en español)
Learn about the roles of the the SA, the SS, and the Gestapo in Nazi Germany. This resource is in Spanish.
![Crackdown on Communists and Social Democrats: arrested in the SA-barracks on Friedrichstrasse, April, 1933](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_CrackdownOnCommunistsSocialDemocrats_%20FH223594.jpg?h=b4b77820&itok=qioklvs6)
World Responses to Kristallnacht (En Español)
In Spanish, consider how leaders like FDR, clergy members, and ordinary people around the world responded to the news of Kristallnacht.
![In the Chicago Daily News, November 23, 1938, the cartoonist Cecil Jensen pleaded for world leaders to help Europe’s Jews.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Image_Ch07_07_Medium_res.jpg?h=f31e8512&itok=wXnPDOvH)
Advice for German-Occupied Nations
This list of tips for “the occupied” distributed by a French citizen during World War II provides a window into what it was like to live in a Nazi-occupied country.
![Palais Garnier, Paris' opera house, in 1941 covered in Nazi flags during the Nazi occupation of France.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1941_ParisOperaHouse_%20FH28529.jpg?h=5374600f&itok=f9fQ52wY)
The Battle for Western Europe
Get an overview of the Nazis’ occupation of France and its advances into Western Europe during World War II.
![German troops parade past the Arc de Triomphe in Paris after they occupied the city in June 1940.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_GermanTroopsInParis_%20FH229463.jpg?h=dfc3751c&itok=56pgPzNq)
Bystanders at Hartheim Castle
Consider why the residents of Hartheim kept silent about the evidence of mass murder they witnessed in their town throughout World War II.
![Jews wearing Star of David badges in the Lódz ghetto. Established in 1940, the Germans crowded 160,000 Jews from the Polish city, more than a third of its population, into the ghetto.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1940_JewsInTheLodzGhetto_%20FH229466.jpg?h=afb0b43a&itok=_7RMUlTN)