The Role of Gender Among the Partisans
Resistance leader Vitka Kempner recalls attitudes toward women in Soviet partisan units.
Sara Fortis’s Biography
Read the story of Sara Fortis, a young woman who fled her hometown in Greece when the Nazis invaded in 1941 and joined the resistance movement.
Sara Trains Her Army of Women
Learn about the necessity to recruit and train women for an all-female partisan unit.
Sonia Orbuch’s Biography
Learn about the measures taken by a young woman and her family to join a partisan group during the Nazi's forced occupation of Poland.
The Vilna Ghetto Manifesto
Read Abba Kovner’s treatise urging the Jews of the Vilna Ghetto to rise up and resist the Nazis.
Vitka Kempner’s Biography
Learn the story of Vitka Kempner, who as a teenager became a leading figure of the Jewish partisan resistance in Vilna.
The Women Partisans Burn Down a House
Learn about partisan tactics with this retelling of an all-female unit's torching of a perpetrator's home.
The Beginning of World War I
Why did World War I start? Learn about some of the important causes of World War I and the spark that ignited the fighting.
What Did Jews in the Ghettos Know?
Consider how Jews living in the ghettos got information about the outside world, and how much they knew about the mass murders occurring across Europe.
Choices in a Modern World
Get insight into how the Jewish Enlightenment affected Jewish women in this memoir excerpt from Pauline Wengeroff.
Developing Students’ Capacity to Connect with History
In this classroom video, social studies teacher Tareeq Rasheed teaches the lesson “The First Day of School” from the Choices in Little Rock unit.