Understanding Rescue: What Scholars Say
Learn more about the conclusions that scholars have drawn from other stories of upstanders
![Martha and Waitstill Sharp wave to a crowd before leaving New York City for Europe. Martha wears a corsage of flowers on her coat and holds a bouquet of flowers in her left hand. Stamped in ink on verso: "Photo by William T. Hoff, New York Municipal Airport"](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-09/Martha_and_Waitstill_Sharp_waving_for_Web_or_Office_Use.jpg?h=a9a611f7&itok=ld5w1FcD)
Justice Robert Jackson at Nuremberg
This image shows the Chief American Prosecutor, Justice Robert Jackson, speaking at Nuremberg Trials
![International Military Tribunal Nuremberg Chief American prosecutor Justice Robert Jackson delivers the opening speech of the American prosecution at the International Military Tribunal trial of war criminals at Nuremberg.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Prosecutor_Robert_Jackson_at_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg?h=3a805815&itok=wNPQgOGk)
Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsar Nicholas II
The last emperors of Germany and Russia posing together in 1905.
![Photo of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsar Nicholas II posing in uniform.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch3_Image07_Medium_res.jpg?h=7101d55d&itok=pRrU0J5d)
Kurt Dreyer's Son
Kurt Dreyer’s son wears the boots his father, a German soldier, sent him from Poland during World War II. Meine stiefel means “my boots.”
![Kurt Dreyer’s son wears the boots his father, a German soldier, sent him from Poland during World War II. Meine stiefel means “my boots.”](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_KurtDreyersSon_%20FH229465.jpg?h=3bfaf5cd&itok=JI_qP1C5)
La Guespy Children's Home
Jews living at a children's home in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, France, with their director, Juliette Usach, 1941.
![Jews living at a children's home in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, France, with their director, Juliette Usach, 1941. The people of Le Chambon and surrounding villages hid nearly 5,000 people fleeing Nazi occupation.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1941_LaGuespyChildrensHome_FH229476.jpg?h=fbf7a813&itok=5bwT7e6v)
Las Patronas
"Las Patronas" leader, Norma Romero, gives food to migrants in Las Patronas town, Veracruz State, Mexico on August 9, 2018.
!["Las Patronas" leader, Norma Romero, gives food to migrants in Las Patronas town, Veracruz State, Mexico.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2018_LasPatronas_FH2169984.jpg?h=fff89ad5&itok=Y1en6HGS)
The "In" Group
High school student Eve Shalen reflects back on a time in middle school when peer pressure and desire for belonging influenced her decision-making.
![Hands raised in the air by group of people](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_GroupBelonging_FH229369.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=O6H7UmzG)
Marlene Dietrich in Blue Angel, 1930
German-American Marlene Dietrich in Blue Angel, Germany’s first full-length talkie.
![Blue Angel, directed by Josef von Sternberg, was Germany’s first full-length talkie, a motion picture with sound as opposed to a silent film. The film follows the story of college professor who is undone by his attraction to Lola-Lola, a cabaret dancer played by German-American Marlene Dietrich. The film made Dietrich an international film star, and she continued her acting career in the United States.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image09_Medium_res.jpg?h=ac1fc4d9&itok=W2CNh6u-)
Mass Grave in Vinnytsia, Ukraine
A member of Einsatzgruppe D, a mobile killing unit, about to shoot a man kneeling by a mass grave in Vinnytsia, Ukraine, in 1942.
![Nazi soldier holds gun to a man's head who is kneeled next to a ditch full of bodies.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_MassGraveinVinnytsiaUkraine_FH229478.jpg?h=b5e7ecd0&itok=kaw8xWRY)
Migrants in Serbia
Migrants walk near a border between Serbia and Croatia, near the village of Berkasovo, Serbia, October 22, 2015.
![Migrants walk along a street at night carrying bags.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/AP_759771109458_Medium_res.jpg?h=8e8edc7c&itok=YQusGVW_)
Nazi Eugenics Exhibition Poster
This poster from a eugenics exhibition in the 1930s reads, “Sterilization is Liberation, Not a Punishment.” Three handicapped children are also pictured with the caption, “Who would want to be responsible for this?”
![Poster depicting three handicapped children and German text along the top.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image05.jpg?h=5bbdf1b2&itok=gZKHu2ZF)