Pledging Allegiance (en español)
Compare the text of Germany's original military oath with Hitler’s new oath, and consider the implications of the oath's promise of allegiance to a single leader. This resource is in Spanish.
![The Parade of the Political Administrators in Nuremberg, Germany.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_GermanPartyDay_%20FH229691.jpg?h=193b5c49&itok=QZdPclXH)
Pledging Allegiance (En Español)
In Spanish, compare the text of Germany's original military oath with Hitler’s new oath, and consider the implications of the oath's promise of allegiance to a single leader.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_SwearingAllegianceToHitler_FH229433.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=8JL6O5JQ)
"Restoring" Germany's Civil Service
Read a letter exchange between Adolf Hitler and President Paul von Hindenburg regarding a law that suspended Jews from positions of civil service in Nazi Germany.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_ReichstagFire_%20FH229429.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=PBcAxqXk)
"Restoring" Germany's Civil Service (UK)
Read a letter exchange between Adolf Hitler and President Paul von Hindenburg regarding a law that suspended Jews from positions of civil service in Nazi Germany.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_ReichstagFire_%20FH229429.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=PBcAxqXk)
"Restoring" Germany's Civil Service (en español)
In Spanish, read a letter exchange between Adolf Hitler and President Paul von Hindenburg regarding a law that suspended Jews from positions of civil service in Nazi Germany. This resource is in Spanish.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_ReichstagFire_%20FH229429.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=PBcAxqXk)
Kimchee on the Seder Plate
Read this reflection on Jewish identity by the daughter of an Ashkenazi, Reform Jewish father and a Korean Buddhist mother.
![A woman and a child light a candle as their family gathers during the Passover Seder.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch01_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=d2t6Z_O3)
Bielski Brothers’ Biography
Introduce students to the four brothers whose partisan unit saved Jewish lives from the forests of Belarus.
![Tuvia Bielski](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_JewishPartisanTuviaBielski_FH227678.jpg?h=f922ae5d&itok=-Uq8w1oa)
"Restoring" Germany's Civil Service (Abridged)
Read a letter exchange between Adolf Hitler and President Paul von Hindenburg regarding a law that suspended Jews from positions of civil service in Nazi Germany.
![Germans look on as the Reichstag building burns on February 27, 1933.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1933_ReichstagFire_%20FH229429.jpg?h=40d6a7d7&itok=PBcAxqXk)
Call Me Captain Sarika
Sara Fortis recollects how the partisans addressed one another and the significance of her title captain.
![Sara Fortis](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_JewishPartisanSaraFortis_FH227677.jpg?h=830dc38c&itok=BXMUAYRu)
The 1951 Refugee Convention and Protocol
Explore this condensed list of the legal rights of refugees established by the 1951 Refugee Convention.
![Syrian refugees cross from Syria to Turkey via the Orontes River, near the village of Hacipasa, Turkey, Dec. 8, 2012. This image was one in a series of 20 by AP photographers that won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize in Breaking News Photography.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2013_SyrianRefugeesontheOrontesRiver_FH248167.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=Gx3XIq0Q)
Antisemitism on US Campuses
Read a report that sheds light on the persistence of antisemitism on college campuses across the United States.
![Students participate in a group activity.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2015_20150813_TreyClark_0419_FH221009.jpg?h=2f6148de&itok=YBxcFD7A)