Controlling the Universities
Learn how the Nazis pushed their ideology onto German universities, and how academics like Heidegger and Einstein responded.
![Students contribute anti-German books to be destroyed at a Berlin book-burning on May 10, 1933. About 40,000 people attended the event.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=743bf4af&itok=z-Z7ctxe)
Hard Times Return
Compare the party platforms of the Communists, Nazis, and Social Democrats in Germany’s 1932 presidential elections, a time of deep economic crisis.
![The Triadic Ballet was created by Oskar Schlemmer, a painter, sculptor, designer, and choreographer who taught at the Bauhaus art school in Germany during the Weimar Republic. Schlemmer’s ballet represented the Bauhaus style–uncluttered, modern, and geometric.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_image06_Medium_res.jpg?h=ba1117de&itok=QZNmQtuq)
Do You Take the Oath?
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Reflect on the choices and actions of two Germans who had to decide whether or not to pledge an oath of loyalty to Hitler.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=yrklK-Ep)
Do You Take the Oath? (en español)
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In Spanish, reflect on the choices and actions of two Germans who had to decide whether or not to pledge an oath of loyalty to Hitler. This resource is in Spanish.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=yrklK-Ep)
Responses to Kristallnacht (UK)
This handout introduces students to different ways that people responded to the violent pogroms that occurred on Kristallnacht.
The Empty Table
Read a German Jew’s firsthand account of being alienated by her friends her during the Nazis' first year in power.
![German military recruits swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch05_Image02_Medium_res.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=yrklK-Ep)
Hitler in Power
Consider the motivations and expectations of Paul von Hindenburg when he appointed Hitler to chancellor of Germany.
![Freikorps soldiers during their attempt to overthrow the Weimar government and restore the monarchy in an attempted coup known as the Kapp Putsch in March 1920.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image14_Medium_res.jpg?h=83f3d97f&itok=18Rs8QaX)
Hitler in Power (UK)
Consider the motivations and expectations of Paul von Hindenburg when he appointed Hitler to chancellor of Germany.
![Freikorps soldiers during their attempt to overthrow the Weimar government and restore the monarchy in an attempted coup known as the Kapp Putsch in March 1920.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image14_Medium_res.jpg?h=83f3d97f&itok=18Rs8QaX)
Hitler in Power (en español)
Consider the motivations and expectations of Paul von Hindenburg when he appointed Hitler to chancellor of Germany. This resource is in Spanish.
![Freikorps soldiers during their attempt to overthrow the Weimar government and restore the monarchy in an attempted coup known as the Kapp Putsch in March 1920.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image14_Medium_res.jpg?h=83f3d97f&itok=18Rs8QaX)
Law and Disorder
Read about the Weimar Republic’s responses to two political uprisings–a left-wing rebellion in Bavaria and a conservative uprising by paramilitary group the Freikorps.
![Freikorps soldiers during their attempt to overthrow the Weimar government and restore the monarchy in an attempted coup known as the Kapp Putsch in March 1920.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image14_Medium_res.jpg?h=83f3d97f&itok=18Rs8QaX)
The Myth of a Jewish Conspiracy
Learn how the myth of the Elders of Zion contributed to scapegoating and antisemitism toward Jews in the Weimar Republic.
![Poster featuring antisemitic caricature of a Jewish figure.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Ch04_Image13_Medium_res.jpg?h=91de06ad&itok=fqk1q0wG)