Part Two: Defining Freedom
Scholars discuss the evolution of the definition of freedom for emancipated slaves after the Civil War.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_467.jpg)
"Kristallnacht": The November 1938 Pogroms
Scholars discuss the events of Kristallnacht, a series of violent attacks against Jews in Germany, Austria, and part of Czechoslovakia in November, 1938.
![](/sites/default/files/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_643.jpg)
Sinti Woman in Germany
An elderly Sinti woman walks down a German street with her grandchildren in the 1930s.
![An elderly Sinti woman walks down a German street with her grandchildren in the 1930s.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_SintiWomanGermany_%20FH229469.jpg?h=7ec4addb&itok=kCpDH5rR)
The World after World War I
World War I hastened the crumbling of several empires, while others retained their global power. Compare this map of the 1920 world to a map of empires in 1914.
![Map identifying territories of world empires after World War I.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_33_World_After_WWI_1920.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=pZAFp03N)
El Mundo Después la Primera Guerra Mundial
La Primera Guerra Mundial precipitó el derrumbe de muchos imperios, mientras que otros mantuvieron su poder global. Compare este mapa de la década de los veinte con el mapa de los imperios en 1914.
![Map identifying territories of world empires after World War I.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_33_World_After_WWI_1920.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=pZAFp03N)
Triumph of the Will Propaganda Film
Leni Riefenstahl's documentary-style film glorified Hitler and the Nazi Party. It was shot at the 1934 Nazi Party congress and rally in Nuremberg.
![Leni Riefenstahl's documentary-style film Triumph of the Will glorified Hitler and the Nazi party. It was shot at the 1934 Nazi Party congress and rally in Nuremberg.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_1934_TriumphOfTheWillPropagandaFilm_%20FH229448.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=aYRfG6nB)
United Nations Founding Members
On June 26, 1945, 50 nations signed a charter to create the United Nations in order to promote international cooperation and human rights.
![Map highlighting United Nations founding member countries in blue.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Map_101_UN_Founding_Members_1945.jpg?h=38e4958f&itok=7r-BUgym)
The Eternal Jew
This 1938 poster advertises a popular antisemitic traveling exhibit called Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew).
![1938 poster for antisemitic traveling exhibit called The Eternal Jew. Pictures a caricature of man holding coins in one hand, a whip in another hand, and a tablet with a hammer and scythe under his arm.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1938_DerEwigeJude_FH229442.jpg?h=b5e7ecd0&itok=qprTVSm1)
The Eternal Jew (en español)
This 1938 poster advertises a popular antisemitic traveling exhibit called Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew). This resource is in Spanish.
![1938 poster for antisemitic traveling exhibit called The Eternal Jew. Pictures a caricature of man holding coins in one hand, a whip in another hand, and a tablet with a hammer and scythe under his arm.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1938_DerEwigeJude_FH229442.jpg?h=b5e7ecd0&itok=qprTVSm1)
Jewish Children of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, France
These Jewish children were sheltered by the Protestant population of the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France. 1941.
![A group of Jewish children pose outside in the town of Le Chambon.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1941_JewishChildreninLeChambonsurLignon_FH2169583.jpg?h=a0999a6b&itok=VLXVH_Rj)