Responsibility of Command
Class A defendants Matsui Iwane and Hirota Koki are questioned as to their knowledge of atrocities committed by those under their command.
![This is a general view of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East meeting in Tokyo in April, 1947.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/IMAGE_38_6_TRIAL_Medium_res.jpg?h=e87e9acc&itok=ZK5Srpjl)
What History Textbooks Leave Out
In 2013, BBC reporter Oi Mariko reflected upon her own childhood education in Japan in the article “What Japanese History Lessons Leave Out”.
![A monument of a woman holding a child stands at the front of the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/IMAGE_43_7_MONUMENT.jpg?h=c274347c&itok=hLx6w58l)
Fan Culture at a Tottenham Match
Introduce the culture of antisemitism at Tottenham Hotspur football matches with this description of the stadium's atmosphere.
![Fans in a soccer stadium with a banner depicting a star of David and words "Yid Army."](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Standing_Up_Antisemitism_Football_Medium_res.jpg?h=603532df&itok=RF1t607O)
Responses to Antisemitism Online
Read about a British university student who used social media to speak up about an antisemitic incident on her campus.
![Students participate in a group activity.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2015_20150813_TreyClark_0419_FH221009.jpg?h=2f6148de&itok=YBxcFD7A)
The 1951 Refugee Convention and Protocol
Explore this condensed list of the legal rights of refugees established by the 1951 Refugee Convention.
![Syrian refugees cross from Syria to Turkey via the Orontes River, near the village of Hacipasa, Turkey, Dec. 8, 2012. This image was one in a series of 20 by AP photographers that won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize in Breaking News Photography.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2013_SyrianRefugeesontheOrontesRiver_FH248167.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=Gx3XIq0Q)
Antisemitism on US Campuses
Read a report that sheds light on the persistence of antisemitism on college campuses across the United States.
![Students participate in a group activity.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2015_20150813_TreyClark_0419_FH221009.jpg?h=2f6148de&itok=YBxcFD7A)
An App for Challenging Bigotry
Learn about Kick It Out, an app that allows football fans to report instances of discrimination or abuse.
![Fans in a soccer stadium with a banner depicting a star of David and words "Yid Army."](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Standing_Up_Antisemitism_Football_Medium_res.jpg?h=603532df&itok=RF1t607O)
The Age of Rights?
World War II brought a new awareness of human rights around the world. After the horrors of the Holocaust came to full light, few people could deny the dangers of racism. The anti-colonial movement was growing stronger around the world, and with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 by the newly formed United Nations, many turned their attention to the rights of colonized people globally. In Africa, Asia, and the Americas, liberation movements helped bring the plight of millions under European colonialism to public attention.
![Eleanor Roosevelt and United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Lake Success, New York, November 1949.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/24427-2011-001_a.jpg?h=e15b44ae&itok=kmDSMzTQ)
Aggressive Assimilation
Facing the resilience of indigenous traditional education in Canada, Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald, who was also Minister of Indian Affairs, commissioned Nicholas Flood Davin, a journalist, lawyer, and politician, to go to Washington, DC, in 1879 to study how the United States tackled the same issue.
![Portrait of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/1872_PrimeMinisterJohnAMacdonald_FH24268.png?h=0652d3a6&itok=OFUvbJgz)
“We Don’t Control America” and Other Myths, Part 1
A young Jewish woman shares a time when she encountered someone with a false stereotype about Jews.
![A woman and a child light a candle as their family gathers during the Passover Seder.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Ch01_Image04_Medium_res.jpg?h=0429cc9e&itok=d2t6Z_O3)