Apology
Despite the apologies Japanese political leaders have issued, the Chinese people and Sino-Japanese relations still remain strained. This reading helps students explore the role apologies play as a means toward achieving justice.
![Former Japanese Prime Minister Hatoyama Yukio and his wife bow as they mourn for the Nanjing Massacre victims.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/IMAGE_42_7_YUKIO.jpg?h=aecdb15b&itok=c9qAJSuI)
Healing Historical Wounds
How do two nations who share a past of violence, war, and atrocities forge a new relationship?
A Nation’s Past
The Shinto Yasukuni shrine has become a focal point for national tensions between China and Japan.
Responsibility of Command
Class A defendants Matsui Iwane and Hirota Koki are questioned as to their knowledge of atrocities committed by those under their command.
![This is a general view of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East meeting in Tokyo in April, 1947.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/IMAGE_38_6_TRIAL_Medium_res.jpg?h=e87e9acc&itok=ZK5Srpjl)
What History Textbooks Leave Out
In 2013, BBC reporter Oi Mariko reflected upon her own childhood education in Japan in the article “What Japanese History Lessons Leave Out”.
![A monument of a woman holding a child stands at the front of the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/IMAGE_43_7_MONUMENT.jpg?h=c274347c&itok=hLx6w58l)
The Importance of the Partisans
Learn about the key role that the partisans played in saving the lives of many Jews, Gentiles, and Greek citizens.
![Sara Fortis](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Holocaust_2016_JewishPartisanSaraFortis_FH227677.jpg?h=830dc38c&itok=BXMUAYRu)
Jewish Partisans in Lithuania
Introduce students to the history of the Holocaust in Lithuania with this historical overview.
![Black and white photograph of Vikta Kempner](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-12/Vitka.jpeg?h=81b78760&itok=g3zdrN1I)
Jewish Partisans in the Resistance
Learn about the role that Jewish partisans played in resistance to the Holocaust in this brief introduction to the topic.
Joining the FPO
Resistance fighter Vitka Kempner describes the origins of the United Partisans Organization in the Vilna Ghetto.
![Three Jewish partisans (Vitka Kempner, Abba Kovner, and Rozka Korczak) stand in the street during World War II.](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-07/VitkaKempnerandFellowJewishPartisans_FH227679.jpg?h=21f1724e&itok=xW4AGH7h)
Leaving Home
Explore the decision of Vitka Kempner, then a 19-year-old Jewish teenager from Poland, to leave her family and flee when the German army invaded in 1939.
![Black and white photograph of Vikta Kempner](/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-12/Vitka.jpeg?h=81b78760&itok=g3zdrN1I)